Ensenyaments Esportius · Tècnic Esportiu i Tècnic Esportiu Superior · Institut públic CAR de Sant Cugat
ENSENYAMENTS ESPORTIUS · SPORTS TEACHINGS
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RECURSOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN - PROJECTE FINAL DE GRAU
Formació de Tècnics Esportius :: Iniciació i Alt Rendiment Esportiu
|
*)
Procesos Básicos en
el Desarrollo de una
Investigación
*)
››› Traducción y
Resumen de "Thesis
Outline Guide" ·
Kinesiology
Department IU · June
1991
PRESENTACIÓN
*) ››› Outline para la Propuesta o Proyecto de Investigación - Guidelines for Research Proposals
*) ›› Propuesta de AutoEvaluación de los Contenidos del Proyecto de Grado
*)
Ejemplo de Portada
del Proyecto, Tesis
o Disertacion (a)
*) Ejemplo de Tabla de Contenidos de una Tesis Rusa típica del ámbito del Movimiento
*)
Ejemplos de
Abstracts y Posters
*) Links a algunos recursos de investigación:
Universia - Red de
Universidades
PubMed
ACSM
ECSS
European Educational
Research Association
ERIC - Education
Resources
Information Center
Google Académico
Free Full PDF
CRAI de la UB
*) Unos libros para las consultas generales:
FUNDAMENTOS DE
INVESTIGACIÓN Thomas, J.R. & Nelson, J.K. (1990). Research Methods in Physical Activity (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Schumacher, S. & McMillan, J.H. (1993). Research in Education: A Conceptual Introduction (3rd ed.). New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.
FUNDAMENTOS DE
ESTADÍSTICA APLICADA
FUNDAMENTOS DE
EDICIÓN
Scientific writing in English with an emphasis for a successful abstract submission, primarily targeting non-native speakers by Dr. Hilary Glasman-Deal (Imperial College in London, United Kingdom):
Interuniversity Style Guide for Writing Institutional Texts in English
*
¡¡ Puedes utilizar el traductor automático de Google para leer estos contenidos en cualquier idioma !!
- Designing Quantitative Research - Nonexperimental Research Designs - Experimental and Single-Subject Designs - Designing Qualitative Research - Guidelines for Research Proposals
- Beliefs
-
Tradition
-
Personal
-
Experience
-
Logic
-
Intuition
- RESEARCH
§
Process
for developing
knowledge:
Identify
Problem
Conduct
Empirical Studies
Replicate
Studies
Synthesize
Research
Adoption and
Evaluation
§
Process
-Select
problem
-Review
literature
-Select
specific hypothesis
-Collect
data
-Analyze
data
-Interpret
findings
-State
conclusions
§
Characteristics
-Objective
-Precise
-Verifiable
-Explanatory
-Empirical
-Logical
-Probabilistic
§
Limitations
-Human
subjects
-Public
institutions
-Complexity
of research problem
-Methodological
dificulties
§
Functions
of Basic Research
-Concerned
with knowing,
explaining, and
predicting natural and
social phenomena
-Starts
with theory, principle
or generalization
-Tests
theories
§
Functions
of Applied Research
-Conducted
in the field
-Deals
with practical
problems
§
Functions
of Evaluation Research
-Assesses
merit and worth of
particular practices
QUANTITATIVE
Researcher
manipulates
independent variable
to investigate
cause-and-effect
relationship between
independent and
dependent variable.
-True
experimental
-Quasi-experimental
-Single-subject
Researcher
describes things that
have occurred,
examines relationships
without suggesting
causation, or explores
causal relationships
among variables that
cannot be manipulated.
-Descriptive
-Correlational
-Survey
-Expost
facto QUALITATIVE
Researcher
describes behaviors as
they occur in the
natural envionment.
-Concept
-Historical
-Legal
Data Collection Techniques
Use
numbers to describe or
measure the results.
-Structured
observations
-Standardized
interviews
-Tests
-Questionnaires
-Unobtrusive
measures
Use
words to collect the
data.
-Ethnographic
observations and
interviews
-Documents
QUANTITATIVE
Abstract
Introduction
Statement
of Research Problem
Review
of Literature
Statement
of Research
Hypotheses/Questions
Methodology
Results
Discussion,
Implications,
Conclusions
References QUALITATIVE
Introduction
Methodology
Findings
and Interpretation
Conclusions
SOURCES
-Casual
observation
-Deductions
from theory
-Related
literature
-Current
social and political
issues
-Practical
situations
-Personal
experience
SIGNIFICANCE
Determined
by if they:
-Provide
knowledge
-Test
theories
-Increase
generalizability
-Extend
empirical
understandings
-Advance
methodology
-Focus
of current issue
-Evaluate
specific practice or
policy
-Are
exploratory studies
PROBLEM
STATEMENT
Specifies
the focus,
educational, context,
importance, and the
frameworks for
reporting the
findings.
-Use
deductive logic
-Identify
population, variables,
and logic of the
problem
-Write
statement clearly and
concisely
-Write
statement as research
purpose, questions, or
hypotheses before data
is collected
-Suggests
the design of the
study
-Descriptive
-Relationship
-Difference
Should:
-State
expected relationship
or difference between
two or more variables
-Be
testable
-Offer
tentative explanation
-Use
inductive logic
-State
problem initially in
planning for the study
-Write
statement as research
purpose or questions
-Reformulate
problem statement
during data collection
-Ethnographic
-Historical
-Legal
Evaluate
in terms of specific
criteria related to:
-General
research problem
-Significance
of the problem
-Research
questions and
hypotheses in
quantitative research
-Research
questions in
qualitative research
FUNCTIONS
-Defines
and limits problem
-Places
study in perspective
-Avoids
replication
-Selects
methods and measures
-Relates
findings to previous
research
Suggests
further research STANDARDS OF ADEQUACY
Judged
adequate by 3
criteria:
-Selection
of literature
-Criticism
of literature
-Summary
and Interpretation META-ANALYSIS
Uses
statistical techniques
to synthesize results
of prior independently
conducted studies
Steps:
-Formulate
research synthesis
problem
-Collect
data
-Evaluate
data
-Analyze
and interpret data
-Public
presentation STEPS IN LITERATURE REVIEW
Quantitative
Research:
-Organize
by sections
(introduction,
critical review,
summary) -Organize criticism by dates, variables/treatments, research designs and methods, general to closely related literature, or combination of these Qualitative Research:
-Conduct
preliminary literature
review
-Continually
review literature
during data collection
and analysis
-Alternative
presentations of
literature (a)
separate discussions
(b) integration within
text
DESIGNING QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PURPOSE OF RESEARCH DESIGN
To
provide a credible
answer to a research
question. PROCEDURES
Must
be presented in detail
and specify:
-when,
where, and how data
will be collected
-experimental
treatment (where
applicable)
-procedures
used to control bias DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
Questionnaires
Standardized
Interviews
Tests
Standardized
Observations
Inventories
Rating
Scales
Unobtrusive
Measures
Basic
Principles Common to
All Methods:
§
Test
Validity
Inferences
made on the basis of
scores from an
instrument must be
appropriate,
meaningful, and useful
§
Test
Reliability
Refers
to consistency of
measurement VALIDITY OF DESIGN
§
Internal
Validity
Refers
to extent of control
over extraneous
variables
§
External
Validity
Refers
to generalizability of
results
Two
general categories:
Populations
external validity
Ecological
external validity SUBJECTS
Subjects
are:
§
Sample
Size
Determined
by the type of
research, research
hypotheses, financial
constraints,
importance of results,
number of variables
studied, methods of
data collection, and
degree of accuracy
needed.
§
Methods
of Selection
-using
available subjects
-using
following procedures
to select unbiased
sample:
-simple
random sampling
-systematic
sampling
-stratified
random sampling
-cluster
sampling
Indices that summarize or characterize a larger number of observations APPROPRIATE STATISTICS determined by:
TYPES
Each
provides a numerical
index of the typical
score in the
distribution
Mean._
average of all scores
Median._
point that divides
distribution in half
Mode._
score that occurs most
frequently
Relationship
among mean, median,
and mode:
a)
Normal
distribution: all
indicates the same
b)
Skewed
distributions: mean
lies closest to tail,
mode lies furthest
from tail, median lies
between mean and mode
Indicates
spread of scores from
the mean of the
distribution
Range._
difference between
highest and lowest
score
Standard
deviation._ indicates
average variability of
scores
Standard
scores._ have constant
normative or relative
meaning
Indicates
the relationship
between variables
Scatter
plot – graphic
representation –
correlation
coefficient -
numerical
TECHNICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF
MEASURES USED OT JUDGE
OVERALL
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